Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme present in every living cell, powering metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular resilience. As we age, NAD+ levels decline, impairing mitochondrial function, weakening immune responses, and accelerating age-related deterioration. Understanding the science behind NAD+ provides key insights into how replenishing this molecule can support longevity and enhance overall health. 

— Cellular Energy and Mitochondrial Function 
NAD+ is the driving force of ATP production, the body’s main energy source. It serves as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, optimizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress. Declining NAD+ impairs mitochondrial efficiency, leading to fatigue, inflammation, and metabolic slowdown. 

— Sirtuins and Longevity Regulation 
NAD+ activates sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7), proteins essential for DNA repair, inflammation control, and metabolic balance. These proteins also regulate circadian rhythms via the CLOCK:BMAL1 pathway, influencing sleep-wake cycles and metabolic efficiency. Research shows that maintaining NAD+ levels enhances sirtuin function, improving cellular health and longevity. 

— NAMPT, eNAMPT, and NAD+ Biosynthesis 
The body produces NAD+ primarily through NAMPT (Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase), an enzyme that declines with age. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) plays a crucial role in regulating systemic NAD+ levels, ensuring optimal tissue function and intercellular communication. Restoring NAMPT activity supports efficient NAD+ biosynthesis and sustained cellular performance. 

— Chronic Inflammation and NAD+ Depletion 
Aging is associated with chronic inflammation, driven by the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. This triggers the overexpression of CD38, an enzyme that aggressively consumes NAD+, accelerating cellular decline. Replenishing NAD+ reduces inflammation, stabilizing immune responses and promoting cellular recovery. 

— DNA Repair and Oxidative Stress Protection 
NAD+ is a key activator of Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerases (PARPs), enzymes responsible for DNA repair and genomic stability. A decline in NAD+ leads to accumulated DNA damage, faster aging, and increased disease susceptibility. Restoring NAD+ supports PARP activity, helping cells repair genetic damage and counteract oxidative stress. 

— Skin Rejuvenation and Reverse-Aging 
NAD+ also plays a major role in skin health and repair, enhancing collagen production, hydration, and elasticity. Research links NAD+ therapy to improved wound healing, reduced inflammation, and a firmer, more youthful complexion. By reversing cellular damage, NAD+ supports long-term skin vitality and reverse-aging benefits. 

NAD+ is at the center of metabolism, longevity, and cellular health. Its depletion accelerates aging, while its replenishment restores mitochondrial function, enhances immune resilience, and promotes tissue regeneration. As scientific research into NAD+ advances, therapies designed to restore its levels are emerging as some of the most promising solutions for longevity and wellness. 

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